14. Precipitation　

1.

Which of the following salts is soluble in water?

A Silver chloride

B Magnesium carbonate

C Lead(II) chloride

D Iron(II) sulphate

2.

Which of the following salts is insoluble in water?

A Ammonium chloride

B Copper(II) nitrate

C Lead(II) carbonate

D Sodium carbonate

3.

Which of the following is a coloured salt?

A AgI

B Cu(OH)2

C MgSO4

D Pb(NO3)2

4.

Which of the following solutions would NOT give a precipitate when added to sodium carbonate solution?

A Ammonium chloride solution

B Calcium nitrate solution

C Nickel(II) chloride solution

D Zinc nitrate solution

5.

Which of the following pairs of solutions would NOT give a precipitate on mixing?

A NaCl(aq) and MgSO4(aq)

B KCl(aq) and AgNO3(aq)

C NH3(aq) and FeSO4(aq)

D Na2CO3(aq) and Ca(NO3)2(aq)

6.

Which of the following pairs of ions would give a white precipitate when mixed?

A Ca2+(aq) and SO42–(aq)

B Cu2+(aq) and OH–(aq)

C K+(aq) and NO3–(aq)

D NH4+(aq) and Cl–(aq)

7.

Which of the following pairs of ions would react together to form a white precipitate?

A Ba2+(aq) and Cl–(aq)

B Mg2+(aq) and CO32–(aq)

C Na+(aq) and NO3–(aq)

D Ni2+(aq) and OH–(aq)

8.

Which of the following processes would be involved in order to separate Fe2+(aq) ions from a mixture containing Fe2+(aq) and Na+(aq) ions?

A Conducting a flame test

B Distilling the mixture

C Using a separating funnel

D Adding NH3(aq) to the mixture

9.

Which of the following statements concerning ammonium iodide is correct?

A It is a weak alkali.

B It is a covalent compound.

C Its solution gives a precipitate when mixed with silver nitrate solution.

D No reaction will occur when it is heated with calcium hydroxide.

10.

Which of the following methods can be used to separate zinc from a mixture of zinc and zinc chloride?

A Add water, filter and dry the residue.

B Add dilute hydrochloric acid, evaporate, filter and dry the residue.

C Add dilute nitric acid, crystallize, filter and dry the residue.

D Add aqueous ammonia, crystallize, filter and dry the residue.

11.

The table below shows the results of two tests on the solution of substance X.

Test

Description

Observation

I

Adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution

A green precipitate

II

Mixing with barium nitrate solution

A white precipitate

X could be

A copper(II) chloride.

B copper(II) sulphate.

C nickel(II) chloride.

D nickel(II) sulphate.

12.

The table below shows the results of two tests on the solution of substance X.

Test

Description

Observation

I

Adding sodium chloride solution

A white precipitate

II

Adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution

A white precipitate which dissolves in excess alkali

X could be

A copper(II) sulphate.

B lead(II) nitrate.

C magnesium sulphate.

D zinc chloride.

13.

Which of the following salts are insoluble in water?

(1) Calcium sulphate

(2) Lead(II) chloride

(3) Lead(II) sulphate

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

14.

Which of the following compounds is / are soluble in water?

(1) Calcium hydrogencarbonate

(2) Barium sulphate

(3) Iron(III) hydroxide

A (1) only

B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

15.

Which of the following salts are soluble in water?

(1) Copper(II) carbonate

(2) Calcium nitrate

(3) Zinc chloride

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

16.

Which of the following is / are coloured salts?

(1) NiSO4

(2) BaCl2

(3) ZnCl2

A (1) only

B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

17.

Which of the following pairs of solutions will give a white precipitate when they are mixed?

(1) AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)

(2) CuSO4(aq) + KOH(aq)

(3) MgSO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq)

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

18.

Which of the following processes would be involved in order to separate Pb2+(aq) ions from a mixture containing Pb2+(aq) and K+(aq) ions?

(1) Adding NaCl(aq) to the mixture

(2) Adding NH3(aq) to the mixture

(3) Evaporating the mixture

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

19.

Which of the following solutions can be used to remove CO32–(aq) ions from a mixture of Cl–(aq) and CO32–(aq) ions by precipitation?

(1) Ca(NO3)2(aq)

(2) KNO3(aq)

(3) Pb(NO3)2(aq)

A (1) only

B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

20.

Which of the following pairs of solutions would form a precipitate when mixed?

(1) Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq)

(2) Mg2+(aq) + NO3–(aq)

(3) Pb2+(aq) + CO32–(aq)

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

21.

Which of the following reagents would form a white precipitate with dilute sulphuric acid?

(1) Barium chloride solution

(2) Lead(II) nitrate solution

(3) Sodium carbonate solution

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

22.

Which of the following reagents would form a precipitate with lead(II) nitrate solution?

(1) Dilute hydrochloric acid

(2) Magnesium sulphate solution

(3) Sodium carbonate solution

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

23.

Which of the following substances can be used to distinguish between calcium nitrate solution and lead(II) nitrate solution?

(1) Zinc strip

(2) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution

(3) Sodium carbonate solution

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

24.

Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between potassium nitrate solution and silver nitrate solution?

(1) Calcium granules

(2) Sodium carbonate solution

(3) Sodium chloride solution

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

25.

Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between aluminium nitrate solution and lead(II) ethanoate solution?

(1) Dilute hydrochloric acid

(2) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution

(3) Dilute nitric acid

A (1) only

B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

26.

A solid mixture contains only iron(III) oxide and iron(III) chloride. Which of the following methods can be used to separate iron(III) oxide from the mixture?

(1) Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to the mixture and then filter.

(2) Add water to the mixture and then filter.

(3) Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the mixture and then filter.

A (1) only

B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

27.

When 10 cm3 of liquid X were carefully mixed with 10 cm3 of liquid Y, no visible change occurred, but a temperature rise was noted.

Which of the following combinations are correct?

Liquid X

Liquid Y

(1)

Concentrated sulphuric acid

water

(2)

0.1 mol dm–3 HCl(aq)

0.1 mol dm–3 NH3(aq)

(3)

0.1 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq)

0.1 mol dm–3 Ba(OH)2(aq)

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

28.

Which of the following salts can be prepared directly by reacting a metal with a dilute acid?

A Calcium sulphate

B Magnesium chloride

C Lead(II) sulphate

D Silver chloride

29.

Hydrochloric acid is NOT used to prepare carbon dioxide from lead(II) carbonate because

A the reaction is explosive.

B hydrochloric acid is an oxidizing agent.

C an insoluble layer is formed which stops further reaction.

D side-products of the reaction are highly toxic.

30.

Which of the following reaction sequences is the most suitable for preparing magnesium carbonate from magnesium?

31.

Which of the following reaction sequences is the most suitable for preparing lead(II) sulphate from lead(II) carbonate?

32.

Calcium sulphate is NOT prepared by adding calcium carbonate to dilute sulphuric acid. Which of the following is the best explanation?

A Insoluble calcium sulphate formed will coat on the surface of calcium carbonate and prevent further reaction.

B Calcium carbonate is insoluble in water.

C Calcium carbonate does not react with dilute sulphuric acid.

D Toxic gas will be produced in the reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid.

33.

Directions: Questions 33 and 34 refer to the following experiment.

A student plans to prepare copper(II) sulphate crystals using the steps below:

Step 1 Mix the appropriate reagents.

Step 2 Evaporate the resulting solution to obtain copper(II) sulphate crystals.

Step 3 Dry the copper(II) sulphate crystals.

Which of the following pairs of substances the student may use for the preparation?

(1) Copper and dilute sulphuric acid

(2) Copper(II) oxide and dilute sulphuric acid

(3) Copper(II) nitrate and dilute sulphuric acid

A (1) only

B (2) only

C (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

34.

Directions: Questions 33 and 34 refer to the following experiment.

A student plans to prepare copper(II) sulphate crystals using the steps below:

Step 1 Mix the appropriate reagents.

Step 2 Evaporate the resulting solution to obtain copper(II) sulphate crystals.

Step 3 Dry the copper(II) sulphate crystals.

Which of the following methods are suitable for drying the copper(II) sulphate crystals in Step 3?

(1) Absorbing the water by filter paper

(2) Heating the crystals using a Bunsen flame

(3) Placing the crystals in a desiccator

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

35.

Which of the following methods can be used to produce magnesium chloride?

(1) Add excess magnesium ribbons to dilute hydrochloric acid.

(2) Add excess magnesium oxide to dilute hydrochloric acid.

(3) Add excess magnesium ribbons to zinc chloride solution.

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

36.

Which of the following salts are prepared by an acid-alkali titration method?

(1) Potassium chloride

(2) Sodium nitrate

(3) Zinc chloride

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

37.

Which of the following substances is the most suitable to be used as the active ingredient in an antacid?

A Sodium hydroxide

B Magnesium hydroxide

C Silver oxide

D Aqueous ammonia

38.

Why is quicklime sometimes added to soil?

A It acts as a fertilizer.

B It removes the acidity of the soil.

C It removes the alkalinity of the soil.

D It kills the bacteria in the roots of plants.

Precipitation　　

1.

下列哪種鹽可溶於水？

A 氯化銀

B 碳酸鎂

C 氯化鉛(II)

D 硫酸鐵(II)

2.

下列哪種鹽不溶於水？

A 氯化銨

B 硝酸銅(II)

C 碳酸鉛(II)

D 碳酸鈉

3.

下列哪種是有色的鹽？

A AgI

B Cu(OH)2

C MgSO4

D Pb(NO3)2

4.

把下列哪種溶液加入碳酸鈉溶液後，不會有沉澱物生成？

A 氯化銨溶液

B 硝酸鈣溶液

C 氯化鎳(II)溶液

D 硝酸鋅溶液

5.

下列哪對溶液混合時不會生成沉澱物？

A NaCl(aq)和MgSO4(aq)

B KCl(aq)和AgNO3(aq)

C NH3(aq)和FeSO4(aq)

D Na2CO3(aq)和Ca(NO3)2(aq)

6.

下列哪對離子混合時會生成白色沉澱物？

A Ca2+(aq)和SO42–(aq)

B Cu2+(aq)和OH–(aq)

C K+(aq)和NO3–(aq)

D NH4+(aq)和Cl–(aq)

7.

下列哪對離子混合時會生成白色沉澱物？

A Ba2+(aq)和Cl–(aq)

B Mg2+(aq)和CO32–(aq)

C Na+(aq)和NO3–(aq)

D Ni2+(aq)和OH–(aq)

8.

要從Fe2+(aq)和Na+(aq)離子的混合物中分離出Fe2+(aq)離子，會涉及下列哪個過程？

A 焰色試驗

B 把混合物蒸餾

C 使用分液漏斗

D 把NH3(aq)加進混合物中

9.

下列哪項有關碘化銨的陳述正確？

A 它是弱鹼。

B 它是共價化合物。

C 它的溶液與硝酸銀溶液混合時會生成沉澱物。

D 它與氫氧化鈣共熱時沒有反應。

10.

可用下列哪種方法從鋅和氯化鋅的混合物中把鋅分離出來？

A 加水、過濾和把殘餘物弄乾。

B 加入稀氫氯酸、蒸發、過濾和把殘餘物弄乾。

C 加入稀硝酸、結晶、過濾和把殘餘物弄乾。

D 加入氨水、結晶、過濾和把殘餘物弄乾。

11.

下表展示對物質X的溶液進行的兩項測試的結果。

測試

描述

可觀察到的變化

I

與稀氫氧化鈉溶液混合。

生成綠色沉澱物。

II

與硝酸鋇溶液混合。

生成白色沉澱物。

X可能是

A 氯化銅(II)。

B 硫酸銅(II)。

C 氯化鎳(II)。

D 硫酸鎳(II)。

12.

下表展示對物質X的溶液進行的兩項測試的結果。

測試

描述

可觀察到的變化

I

加入氯化鈉溶液。

生成白色沉澱物。

II

加入稀氫氧化鈉溶液。

生成白色沉澱物，該沉澱物可溶於過量的鹼溶液中。

X 可能是

A 硫酸銅(II)。

B 硝酸鉛(II)。

C 硫酸鎂。

D 氯化鋅。

13.

下列哪些鹽不溶於水？

(1) 硫酸鈣

(2) 氯化鉛(II)

(3) 硫酸鉛(II)

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

14.

下列的化合物，何者可溶於水？

(1) 碳酸氫鈣  (2) 硫酸鋇 (3) 氫氧化鐵(III)

A 只有(1)

B 只有(2)

C 只有(1)和(3)

D 只有(2)和(3)

15.

下列哪些鹽可溶於水？

(1) 碳酸銅(II)

(2) 硝酸鈣

(3) 氯化鋅

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

16.

下列的鹽，何者是有色的？

(1) NiSO4

(2) BaCl2

(3) ZnCl2

A 只有(1)

B 只有(2)

C 只有(1)和(3)

D 只有(2)和(3)

17.

下列哪些組別的溶液混合時，會生成白色沉澱物？

(1) AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)

(2) CuSO4(aq) + KOH(aq)

(3) MgSO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq)

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

18.

從Pb2+(aq)和K+(aq)離子的混合物中分離出Pb2+(aq)離子時，會涉及下列哪些過程？

(1) 把NaCl(aq)加到混合物中

(2) 把NH3(aq)加到混合物中

(3) 把混合物蒸發

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

19.

下列的溶液，何者可以通過沉澱的方法把CO32–(aq)離子從Cl–(aq)和CO32–(aq)離子的混合物中分離出來？

(1) Ca(NO3)2(aq)      (2) KNO3(aq)      (3) Pb(NO3)2(aq)

A 只有(1)

B 只有(2)

C 只有(1)和(3)

D 只有(2)和(3)

20.

下列哪些組別的溶液在混合時，會生成沉澱物？

(1) Ba2+(aq) + SO42–(aq)

(2) Mg2+(aq) + NO3–(aq)

(3) Pb2+(aq) + CO32–(aq)

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

21.

下列哪些試劑會與稀硫酸生成白色沉澱物？

(1) 氯化鋇溶液

(2) 硝酸鉛(II)溶液

(3) 碳酸鈉溶液

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

22.

下列哪些試劑會與硝酸鉛(II)溶液生成沉澱物？

(1) 稀氫氯酸

(2) 硫酸鎂溶液

(3) 碳酸鈉溶液

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

23.

可用下列哪些物質來鑑別硝酸鈣溶液和硝酸鉛(II)溶液？

(1) 鋅片

(2) 稀氫氧化鈉溶液

(3) 碳酸鈉溶液

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

24.

可用下列哪些試劑來鑑別硝酸鉀溶液和硝酸銀溶液？

(1) 鈣顆粒

(2) 碳酸鈉溶液

(3) 氯化鈉溶液

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

25.

下列的試劑，何者可用來鑑別硝酸鋁溶液和乙酸鉛(II)溶液？

(1) 稀氫氯酸

(2) 稀氫氧化鈉溶液

(3) 稀硝酸

A 只有(1)

B 只有(2)

C 只有(1)和(3)

D 只有(2)和(3)

26.

某固體混合物只含有氧化鐵(III)和氯化鐵(III)。下列的方法，何者可用來把氧化鐵(III)從混合物中分離出來？

(1) 加入稀氫氧化鈉溶液，然後過濾。

(2) 加入水，然後過濾。

(3) 加入稀氫氯酸，然後過濾。

A 只有(1)

B 只有(2)

C 只有(1)和(3)

D 只有(2)和(3)

27.

把10 cm3的液體X小心地加入10 cm3的液體Y時，沒有可觀察到的變化，但混合物的温度上升。

下列哪些組合正確？

液體X

液體Y

(1)

濃硫酸 

水

(2)

0.1 mol dm–3 HCl(aq)

0.1 mol dm–3 NH3(aq)

(3)

0.1 mol dm–3 H2SO4(aq)

0.1 mol dm–3 Ba(OH)2(aq)

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

28.

下列哪種鹽可通過金屬與稀酸的反應製得？

A 硫酸鈣

B 氯化鎂

C 硫酸鉛(II)

D 氯化銀

29.

一般不會用氫氯酸與碳酸鉛(II)的反應來製備二氧化碳氣體，因為

A 該反應具爆炸性。

B 氫氯酸是氧化劑。

C 一層不溶的物質會在碳酸鉛(II)的表面形成，令反應停止。

D 該反應的其他生成物的毒性極高。

30.

下列哪項反應次序最適合用於從鎂製備碳酸鎂？

31.

下列哪項反應次序最適合用於從碳酸鉛(II)製備硫酸鉛(II)？

32.

一般不會把碳酸鈣加進稀硫酸來製備硫酸鈣，因為

A 不溶的硫酸鈣會在碳酸鈣表面形成，阻止進一步的反應。

B 碳酸鈣不溶於水。

C 碳酸鈣不會與稀硫酸反應。

D 碳酸鈣與稀硫酸反應時，會釋出有毒氣體。

33.

指示：參照以下的實驗，然後回答第66和67題。

某學生根據以下步驟製備硫酸銅(II)晶體：

步驟1 把適當的試劑混合。

步驟2 把所得溶液蒸發，獲得硫酸銅(II)晶體。

步驟3 弄乾硫酸銅(II)晶體。

下列的物質，何者可用來製備硫酸銅(II)晶體？

(1) 銅和稀硫酸

(2) 氧化銅(II)和稀硫酸

(3) 硝酸銅(II)和稀硫酸

A 只有(1)

B 只有(2)

C 只有(1)和(3)

D 只有(2)和(3)

34.

指示：參照以下的實驗，然後回答第66和67題。

某學生根據以下步驟製備硫酸銅(II)晶體：

步驟1 把適當的試劑混合。

步驟2 把所得溶液蒸發，獲得硫酸銅(II)晶體。

步驟3 弄乾硫酸銅(II)晶體。

在步驟3中，可用下列哪些方法弄乾生成的硫酸銅(II)晶體？

(1) 用濾紙把水份吸乾。

(2) 用本生焰把晶體加熱。

(3) 把晶體放在乾燥器中。

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

35.

可用下列哪些方法製備氯化鎂？

(1) 把過量的鎂帶加入稀氫氯酸中

(2) 把過量的氧化鎂加入稀氫氯酸中

(3) 把過量的鎂帶加入氯化鋅溶液中

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

36.

下列哪些鹽會通過酸鹼滴定的方法製備？

(1) 氯化鉀

(2) 硝酸鈉

(3) 氯化鋅

A 只有(1)和(2)

B 只有(1)和(3)

C 只有(2)和(3)

D (1)、(2)和(3)

37.

下列哪種物質最適宜用作制酸劑的有效成分？

A 氫氧化鈉

B 氫氧化鎂

C 氧化銀

D 氨水

38.

為甚麼有時農夫會把生石灰加入土壤中？

A 作為肥料。

B 去除土壤的酸性。

C 去除土壤的鹼性。

D 殺死植物根部的細菌。